The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the front of your neck that produces hormones that help regulate your metabolism, energy levels, and other body functions. While most thyroid issues are benign, sometimes cancer can develop in this gland.

Thyroid cancer happens when abnormal cells grow in the thyroid gland. These cells can form a lump or nodule, which is often the first sign of the disease. Most thyroid nodules are not cancerous, but it’s important to get them checked by a doctor.

Around new 4,000 cases of thyroid cancer are diagnosed in the UK each year.

Types of thyroid cancer

Papillary thyroid cancer: This is the most common type and usually grows slowly. It is often found in younger people and has a high cure rate.

Follicular thyroid cancer: This type is less common and typically affects older adults. It can spread to other parts of the body, but it is also treatable.

Medullary thyroid cancer: This is rarer and can sometimes be genetic. It may spread to other parts of the body early on.

Anaplastic thyroid cancer: This is the rarest and most aggressive form. It can be difficult to treat but is less common.

What are the symptoms of thyroid cancer?

Thyroid cancer often doesn’t show symptoms early on. However, as it grows, you might notice:

  • A lump or swelling in the neck
  • Trouble swallowing or breathing
  • Hoarseness or changes in your voice
  • Persistent neck pain

What is the treatment for thyroid cancer?

If your doctor suspects thyroid cancer, they will likely order tests such as an ultrasound, blood tests, or a biopsy. 

If cancer is confirmed, treatment usually involves surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland. Depending on the type and stage of cancer, additional treatments like radioactive iodine therapy, hormone therapy, or radiation may be used.

Thyroid cancer is often very treatable, especially when caught early. Most people go on to live healthy lives after treatment. However, the treatment plan depends on the specific type and how far the cancer has spread.

If you notice any unusual lumps or changes in your neck, it’s important to talk to a doctor. Early detection is key to treating thyroid cancer effectively, and many people recover fully with proper care.